WEBNov 26, 2019 · What is coalbed methane (CBM)? It is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams. CMB is formed during the process of coalifiion, the transformation of plant material into coal. CBM can be used. In Power generation. As Compressed natural gas (CNG) auto fuel.
WEBNov 30, 2023 · Rathole mining, a method of manual drilling common in Meghalaya, involves skilled workers digging narrow pits just wide enough for one person. The term "rat hole" refers to these pits used to extract coal. This method is hazardous, illegal in many countries due to safety concerns, and has faced criticism for its environmental impact.
WEBMar 4, 2024 · A: Underground Coal Gasifiion (UCG), also known as insitu gasifiion, is a process where coal is converted into gas within the coal seam itself. The gas is then retrieved through wells. This method offers an alternative to traditional coal extraction and combustion. Q3: What are the byproducts of coal gasifiion, and how are they utilized?
WEBJan 15, 2019 · Negative impacts of Rat Hole Mining | UPSC – IAS | Pib. Environmental Degradation: It has caused the water in the Kopili river (flows through Meghalaya and Assam) to turn acidic. Pollution: Roadsides used for piling of coal leads to air, water and soil pollution. Exploitation of workers: Maximum mining in Meghalaya is from rat hole .
WEBNov 28, 2023 · What is Rat hole mining: It is a method of extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, prevalent in Meghalaya. The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, typically just large enough for one person to descend and extract coal. Once the pits are dug, miners descend using ropes or bamboo ladders to reach the coal .
WEBOct 18, 2022 · According to Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Report, India's Coal Mines are severely underutilized amid push for new ones. GEM is a firm that tracks fuelsource utilization globally. It studies the evolving international energy landscape, creating databases, reports, and interactive tools that enhance understanding.
WEBMar 1, 2024 · The Nagaland Coal mining policy, established in 2006, permits rathole mining due to the stered nature of coal deposits, making largescale operations unfeasible. Rathole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow horizontal tunnels or ratholes, which are often dug by hand and are prone to accidents and environmental .
WEBThe Schedule to the Act contained a list of about 711 coal mines loed in different parts of the country. Objective: To ensure the rational, coordinated and scientific development and utilisation of coal resources consistent with the growing requirements of the country. Under the Act, coal mining is exclusively reserved for the public sector.
WEBSep 15, 2022 · Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials of economic value from deposits on the earth. Mining has the potential to have severely adverse effects on the environment including loss of biodiversity, erosion, contamination of surface water, ground water, and soil. Effects of Mining on Environment Bad mining .
WEBMar 7, 2020 · New mining target: In 2018, the government allowed commercial mining by private entities and set a mining target of billion tonnes by 2020. Out of this, 1 billion tonnes was set to be from Coal India, while 500 million tonnes was to be from nonCoal India entities. This target has now been revised to 1 billion tonnes by 22324.
WEBCoal gasifiion is a process that generates syngas, a mixture of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, and H2O. During gasifiion, coal is blown with oxygen and steam while also being heated under high pressure. During the reaction, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce syngas.
![[pib] Role of the Coal Controller's Organisation (CCO)](/x13nh4u/305.jpg)
WEBApr 25, 2024 · Coal Sector in Indian Economy: The Indian coal sector is one of the 8 core sectors contributing heavily to the economic development of India.; In India, there are 4 grades of coal available: Lignite, Bituminous, SubBituminous, and Anthracite, and out of which Anthracite is the highest grade of coal.; More than 70% of Coal reserves in India .
WEBAug 8, 2023 · Mines and Minerals Bill 2023 endeavours to stimulate private sector involvement through: Expanding Mining Opportunities: The Bill excludes six atomic minerals that were previously reserved exclusively for government entities; Enabling Exploration Activities: The Bill overturns the Act's prohibition on certain exploration .
WEBMar 9, 2024 · Economic Considerations: Coal mining and related industries support millions of jobs and contribute significantly to India's economy. A sudden shift away from coal could result in job losses and economic instability in coaldependent regions. Also, currently, renewable energy sources like solar and wind are not as costeffective as coal.
WEBJan 13, 2020 · Liberalisation of Coal Mining. This article is based on Coal comfort, Mining deep: on Cabinet easing mining laws. It talks about the impliions of Mineral Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2020 on Coal Mining Sector in India. India is one of the largest coal producers in the world with an output of 729 million tonnes in 201819.
WEBNov 3, 2015 · Captive Mining Policy is there in place since 1970s but it became a major policy only after 1993. In 1970s, all the coal mining private leases were terminated via the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Amendment Act 1976 but some exceptions were allowed because the nationalized coal companies were unable to fully meet demand.
WEBNov 14, 2021 · As the Indian economy began to revive after facing the huge shock posed by the second wave of the Covid19 pandemic, another shock shook the nation when those coalfired power stations, which produce around 70 per cent of India's power, announced in early October 2021 that they had an average of four days of coal left, the lowest in .
WEBShale Gas refers to the natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Lately Shale gas has become an important source of fuel in the United States and the rest of the world itself has taken interest in the shale formations within their geographical boundaries. For more details on the exam conducted by UPSC, candidates can visit the link ...
WEBCoal liquefaction. Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
WEBApr 11, 2022 · It is the process of producing syngas, a mixture consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). During gasifiion, coal is blown with oxygen and steam while also being heated under high pressure. During the reaction, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal .
WEBOct 10, 2023 · Background. The mining sector of India is regulated by the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and mandates the requirement for granting leases for mining operations.. The alloion of mineral resources, prior to 2015 was through the 'first come first serve' method which was a discriminatory method, and .
WEBOct 19, 2022 · Context: According to analysis by Global Energy Monitor (GEM), a firm that tracks utilisation of the fuelsource internationally – on average India's coal mines use only two thirds of the capacity with some large ones using only 1 percent. About Coal in India: India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China. Jharkhand is the .
WEBFeb 17, 2021 · CCUS is the process of capturing waste CO 2, transporting it to a storage site and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere. Coal Burning and Pollution. Coal Formation: Formed deep underground over thousands of years of heat and pressure, coal is a carbonrich black rock that releases energy when burned. Air Pollution:
WEBMay 15, 2024 · Details. Justice Katakey was appointed by the High Court of Meghalaya to investigate and recommend measures for environmental restoration following the ban on rathole coal mining. His role involves overseeing compliance with directives from higher courts, including the Supreme Court and the National Green Tribunal.
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